📏 Conversions 🌡️ Meat Temperatures

📏 Kitchen Conversion Chart

Volume Conversions

🥣 Cups, Tablespoons, Teaspoons

1 cup=16 tbsp · 48 tsp · 240 ml · 8 fl oz
¾ cup=12 tbsp · 180 ml · 6 fl oz
⅔ cup=10⅔ tbsp · 160 ml
½ cup=8 tbsp · 120 ml · 4 fl oz
⅓ cup=5⅓ tbsp · 80 ml
¼ cup=4 tbsp · 60 ml · 2 fl oz
⅛ cup=2 tbsp · 30 ml · 1 fl oz
1 tbsp=3 tsp · 15 ml · ½ fl oz
1 tsp=5 ml
½ tsp=2.5 ml
¼ tsp=1.25 ml
1 pinch=⅛ tsp

🍯 Large Volumes

1 gallon=4 quarts · 16 cups · 3.78 liters
1 quart=4 cups · 32 fl oz · 0.95 liters
1 pint=2 cups · 16 fl oz · 473 ml
1 liter=4.2 cups · 33.8 fl oz

Weight Conversions

⚖️ Ounces, Pounds, Grams

1 lb=16 oz · 454 g · 0.45 kg
½ lb=8 oz · 227 g
¼ lb=4 oz · 113 g
1 oz=28 g
1 kg=2.2 lb · 35 oz · 1000 g
500 g=1.1 lb · 17.6 oz
250 g=8.8 oz · ½ lb
100 g=3.5 oz

Common Ingredient Conversions

🧈 Butter

1 stick=½ cup · 8 tbsp · 113 g · 4 oz
½ stick=¼ cup · 4 tbsp · 57 g
1 cup=2 sticks · 16 tbsp · 227 g

🌾 Flour (all-purpose)

1 cup=120 g · 4.25 oz
½ cup=60 g · 2.1 oz
¼ cup=30 g · 1 oz

🍚 Sugar (granulated)

1 cup=200 g · 7 oz
½ cup=100 g · 3.5 oz
¼ cup=50 g · 1.75 oz

🥣 Brown Sugar (packed)

1 cup=220 g · 7.75 oz

🍯 Honey / Maple Syrup

1 cup=336 g · 12 oz

Oven Temperatures

Very Low250°F120°C · Gas 1
Low275°F135°C · Gas 1-2
Slow300°F150°C · Gas 2
Moderate325-350°F160-180°C · Gas 3-4
Hot375-400°F190-200°C · Gas 5-6
Very Hot425-450°F220-230°C · Gas 7-8
Extremely Hot475-500°F245-260°C · Gas 9-10

🌡️ Safe Meat Cooking Temperatures

USDA-recommended internal temperatures for food safety. Always use an instant-read thermometer in the thickest part, not touching bone.

🥩 Beef, Lamb, Veal (Steaks, Roasts, Chops)

Rare125°F52°CCool red center
Medium-Rare135°F57°CWarm red center
Medium145°F63°CWarm pink center · USDA safe
Medium-Well150°F66°CSlightly pink
Well-Done160°F+71°C+No pink

💡 Rest meat for 3 minutes after cooking for juicier results

🍗 Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck)

All cuts165°F74°CWhole bird, parts, ground

💡 Check thigh (not touching bone) for whole birds

🐷 Pork

Chops, Roasts, Steaks145°F63°CThen rest 3 minutes
Ground Pork160°F71°CNo rest needed
Ham (fresh)145°F63°CThen rest 3 minutes
Ham (precooked, reheating)140°F60°C

🍔 Ground Meat

Ground Beef, Pork, Lamb160°F71°CNo pink center
Ground Poultry165°F74°CNo pink center

🐟 Seafood

Fish (fillets, steaks)145°F63°CFlakes with fork, opaque
Shrimp, Lobster, Crab145°F63°COpaque and firm
Scallops145°F63°CMilky white, firm
Clams, Oysters, MusselsCook until shells open

🥚 Other Foods

Eggs160°F71°CYolk and white firm
Egg Dishes (casseroles)160°F71°C
Leftovers (reheated)165°F74°CAll leftovers
Stuffing165°F74°CInside or out of bird
⏰ Why resting matters: Meat continues to cook after you remove it from heat (called "carry-over cooking"). The internal temperature can rise another 5-10°F. Resting also lets juices redistribute throughout the meat, keeping it moist and tender. Cover loosely with foil and wait the recommended time before slicing.
🌡️ Thermometer tips: Insert the probe into the thickest part of the meat, away from bones, fat, and gristle. For whole birds, check the inner thigh. For ground meat patties, insert sideways. Wait until the reading stabilizes (usually 5-10 seconds).